[Mac-BR] Regras da lista

Sexta Julho 12 19:35:13 PDT 2013

Estimado Mario Jorge,
eu publiquei justamente por tratar da Apple e da privacidade de nossos
dados nos produtos oferecidos por ela o que está seriamente comprometido
pelo menos desde outubro de 2012.
Com amor, e a alegria da gratidão, e.

2013/7/12 Mario Jorge Passos <mj em passos.net>

> O assunto é Mac, Apple e assuntos relacionados.
>
> Esta mensagem não deve ser respondida para a lista ou o assunto
> desenvolvido.
>
> Comentários diretamente ao moderador. mj em passos.net.
>
> Abraços,
>
> Mario Jorge Passos
>
> On Jul 12, 2013, at 8:16 PM, Evandro Vieira Ouriques <
> evandro.vieira.ouriques em gmail.com> wrote:
>
>  NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others
> • Top-secret Prism program claims direct access to servers of firms
> including Google, Apple and Facebook
> • Companies deny any knowledge of program in operation since 2007
>
> • Obama orders US to draw up overseas target list for cyber-attacks<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/07/obama-china-targets-cyber-overseas>
>
>    - Share<http://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?app_id=180444840287&link=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data&display=popup&redirect_uri=http://static-serve.appspot.com/static/facebook-share/callback.html&show_error=false&ref=desktop>
>    ****69649
>    -
>    -
>    - inShare692
>    - Email<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data#>
>
>
>    - Glenn Greenwald <http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/glenn-greenwald>
>     and Ewen MacAskill <http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/ewenmacaskill>
>    - The Guardian <http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian>, Friday 7 June
>    2013
>    - Jump to comments (2935)<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data#start-of-comments>
>
> [image: Prism]
> A slide depicting the top-secret PRISM program.
>
> The National Security Agency has obtained direct access to the systems of
> Google, Facebook, Apple <http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/apple> and
> other US internet <http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/internet> giants,
> according to a top secret document obtained by the Guardian.
>
> The NSA access is part of a previously undisclosed program calledPrism<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/prism>,
> which allows officials to collect material including search history, the
> content of emails, file transfers and live chats, the document says.
>
> The Guardian has verified the authenticity of the document, a 41-slide
> PowerPoint presentation – classified as top secret with no distribution to
> foreign allies – which was apparently used to train intelligence operatives
> on the capabilities of the program. The document claims "collection
> directly from the servers" of major US service providers.
>
> Although the presentation claims the program is run with the assistance of
> the companies, all those who responded to a Guardian request for comment on
> Thursday denied knowledge of any such program.
>
> In a statement, Google said: "Google cares deeply about the security of
> our users' data. We disclose user data to government in accordance with the
> law, and we review all such requests carefully. From time to time, people
> allege that we have created a government 'back door' into our systems, but
> Google does not have a back door for the government to access private user
> data."
>
> Several senior tech executives insisted that they had no knowledge ofPrism or
> of any similar scheme. They said they would never have been involved in
> such a program. "If they are doing this, they are doing it without our
> knowledge," one said.
>
> An Apple spokesman said it had "never heard" of Prism.
>
> The NSA access was enabled by changes to US surveillance law introduced
> under President Bush and renewed under Obama in December 2012.
> [image: Prism]
>
> The program facilitates extensive, in-depth surveillance on live
> communications and stored information. The law allows for the targeting of
> any customers of participating firms who live outside the US, or those
> Americans whose communications include people outside the US.
>
> It also opens the possibility of communications made entirely within the
> US being collected without warrants.
>
> Disclosure of the Prism program follows a leak to the Guardian on
> Wednesday of a top-secret court order compelling telecoms<http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/telecoms> provider
> Verizon to turn over the telephone records of millions of US customers.
>
> The participation of the internet companies in Prism will add to the
> debate, ignited by the Verizon revelation, about the scale of surveillance
> by the intelligence services. Unlike the collection of those call records,
> this surveillance can include the content of communications and not just
> the metadata.
>
> Some of the world's largest internet brands are claimed to be part of the
> information-sharing program since its introduction in 2007. Microsoft<http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/microsoft> –
> which is currently running an advertising campaign with the slogan "Your
> privacy <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/privacy> is our priority" – was
> the first, with collection beginning in December 2007.
>
> It was followed by Yahoo in 2008; Google, Facebook and PalTalk in 2009;
> YouTube in 2010; Skype and AOL in 2011; and finally Apple, which joined the
> program in 2012. The program is continuing to expand, with other providers
> due to come online.
>
> Collectively, the companies cover the vast majority of online email,
> search, video and communications networks.
> [image: Prism]
>
> **
>
> The extent and nature of the data collected from each company varies.
>
> Companies are legally obliged to comply with requests for users'
> communications under US law, but the Prism program allows the
> intelligence services direct access to the companies' servers. The NSAdocument
> notes the operations have "assistance of communications providers in the
> US".
>
> The revelation also supports concerns raised by several US senators during
> the renewal of the Fisa Amendments Act in December 2012, who warned about
> the scale of surveillance the law might enable, and shortcomings in the
> safeguards it introduces.
>
> When the FAA was first enacted, defenders of the statute argued that a
> significant check on abuse would be the NSA's inability to obtain
> electronic communications without the consent of the telecom and internet
> companies that control the data. But the Prism program renders that
> consent unnecessary, as it allows the agency to directly and unilaterally
> seize the communications off the companies' servers.
>
> A chart prepared by the NSA, contained within the top-secret document
> obtained by the Guardian, underscores the breadth of the data it is able to
> obtain: email, video and voice chat, videos, photos, voice-over-IP (Skype,
> for example) chats, file transfers, social networking details, and more.
> [image: PRISM slide crop]
>
> **
> The document is recent, dating to April 2013. Such a leak is extremely
> rare in the history of the NSA, which prides itself on maintaining a high
> level of secrecy.
>
> The Prism program allows the NSA, the world's largest surveillance
> organisation, to obtain targeted communications without having to request
> them from the service providers and without having to obtain individual
> court orders.
>
> With this program, the NSA is able to reach directly into the servers of
> the participating companies and obtain both stored communications as well
> as perform real-time collection on targeted users.
>
> The presentation claims Prism was introduced to overcome what theNSA regarded
> as shortcomings of Fisa warrants in tracking suspected foreign
> terrorists. It noted that the US has a "home-field advantage" due to
> housing much of the internet's architecture. But the presentation claimed
> "Fisa constraints restricted our home-field advantage" because Fisa
> required individual warrants and confirmations that both the sender and
> receiver of a communication were outside the US.
>
> "Fisa was broken because it provided privacy protections to people who
> were not entitled to them," the presentation claimed. "It took a Fisa
> courtorder to collect on foreigners overseas who were communicating with
> other foreigners overseas simply because the government was collecting off
> a wire in the United States <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/usa>. There
> were too many email accounts to be practical to seek Fisas for all."
>
> The new measures introduced in the FAA redefines "electronic
> surveillance" to exclude anyone "reasonably believed" to be outside the USA
> – a technical change which reduces the bar to initiating surveillance.
>
> The act also gives the director of national intelligence and the attorney
> general power to permit obtaining intelligence information, and indemnifies
> internet companies against any actions arising as a result of co-operating
> with authorities' requests.
>
> In short, where previously the NSA needed individual authorisations, and
> confirmation that all parties were outside the USA, they now need only
> reasonable suspicion that one of the parties was outside the country at the
> time of the records were collected by the NSA.
>
> The document also shows the FBI acts as an intermediary between other
> agencies and the tech companies, and stresses its reliance on the
> participation of US internet firms, claiming "access is 100% dependent on
> ISP provisioning".
>
> In the document, the NSA hails the Prism program as "one of the most
> valuable, unique and productive accesses for NSA".
>
> It boasts of what it calls "strong growth" in its use of the Prism program
> to obtain communications. The document highlights the number of obtained
> communications increased in 2012 by 248% for Skype – leading the notes to
> remark there was "exponential growth in Skype reporting; looks like the
> word is getting out about our capability against Skype". There was also a
> 131% increase in requests for Facebook data, and 63% for Google.
>
> The NSA document indicates that it is planning to add Dropbox as aPRISM provider.
> The agency also seeks, in its words, to "expand collection services from
> existing providers".
>
> The revelations echo fears raised on the Senate floor last year during the
> expedited debate on the renewal of the FAA powers which underpin the PRISM program,
> which occurred just days before the act expired.
>
> Senator Christopher Coons of Delaware specifically warned that the secrecy
> surrounding the various surveillance programs meant there was no way to
> know if safeguards within the act were working.
>
> "The problem is: we here in the Senate and the citizens we represent don't
> know how well any of these safeguards actually work," he said.
>
> "The law doesn't forbid purely domestic information from being collected.
> We know that at least one Fisa court has ruled that the surveillance
> program violated the law. Why? Those who know can't say and average
> Americans can't know."
>
> Other senators also raised concerns. Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon
> attempted, without success, to find out any information on how many phone
> calls or emails had been intercepted under the program.
>
> When the law was enacted, defenders of the FAA argued that a significant
> check on abuse would be the NSA's inability to obtain electronic
> communications without the consent of the telecom and internet companies
> that control the data. But the Prism program renders that consent
> unnecessary, as it allows the agency to directly and unilaterally seize the
> communications off the companies' servers.
>
> When the NSA reviews a communication it believes merits further
> investigation, it issues what it calls a "report". According to the NSA,
> "over 2,000 Prism-based reports" are now issued every month. There were
> 24,005 in 2012, a 27% increase on the previous year.
>
> In total, more than 77,000 intelligence reports have cited the PRISM
> program.
>
> Jameel Jaffer, director of the ACLU's Center for Democracy, that it was
> astonishing the NSA would even ask technology companies to grant direct
> access to user data.
>
> "It's shocking enough just that the NSA is asking companies to do this,"
> he said. "The NSA is part of the military. The military has been granted
> unprecedented access to civilian communications.
>
> "This is unprecedented militarisation of domestic communications
> infrastructure. That's profoundly troubling to anyone who is concerned
> about that separation."
>
> A senior administration official said in a statement: "The Guardian and
> Washington Post articles refer to collection of communications pursuant to
> Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. This law does not
> allow the targeting of any US citizen or of any person located within the
> United States.
>
> "The program is subject to oversight by the Foreign Intelligence
> Surveillance Court, the Executive Branch, and Congress. It involves
> extensive procedures, specifically approved by the court, to ensure that
> only non-US persons outside the US are targeted, and that minimize the
> acquisition, retention and dissemination of incidentally acquired
> information about US persons.
>
> "This program was recently reauthorized by Congress after extensive
> hearings and debate.
>
> "Information collected under this program is among the most important and
> valuable intelligence information we collect, and is used to protect our
> nation from a wide variety of threats.
>
> "The Government may only use Section 702 to acquire foreign intelligence
> information, which is specifically, and narrowly, defined in the Foreign
> Intelligence Surveillance Act. This requirement applies across the board,
> regardless of the nationality of the target."
>
> *Additional reporting by James Ball and Dominic Rushe*
>
> *http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data*
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-- 
*Prof. Dr. Evandro Vieira Ouriques*
*Coordenador, NETCCON.ECO.UFRJ*
Núcleo de Estudos Transdisciplinares de Comunicação e Consciência
*Supervisor de Pesquisas de Pós-Doutorado, PACC.FCC.UFRJ*
Programa Avançado de Cultura Contemporânea
*Vice-Coordenador do GT Comunicación y Estudios Socioculturales, ALAIC *

Asociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores de la Comunicación
*Acadêmico Correspondente da AGLP*
Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa
 <http://www.pacc.ufrj.br/pos-doutorado/equipe-2/>http://w<http://www.evandrovieiraouriques.com/>
ww.evandrovieiraouriques.com.br
http://www.pacc.ufrj.br/pos-doutorado/equipe-2/
http://ufrj.academia.edu/EvandroVieiraOuriques
@EvandroOuriques
skype: evandrovieiraouriques
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